Colon Cancer Screening

PREVENTION

What is Colon Cancer?

Colon cancer is also known as colorectal cancer—a term that refers to colon cancer and rectal cancer. Colon cancer is generally characterized by abnormal cells, like pre-cancerous polyps in the colon that turn into cancer. Or cancer cells in the later stage that proliferate either in the colon, or lower intestine, which is located in the large intestine. Sometimes cancer is also found in the rectum. [Source: CDC & ACGE]

What is Colon Cancer?

Understanding your colon health can go a long way when it comes to your overall health and quality of life.

In a recent Keynote address at the American Society of Oncology Conference, Dr. Kimmie Ng shared the latest findings about colon cancer in men and women—new data was just released by the American Cancer Society, in January 2024.

Colon cancer is now considered the leading cause of death — in men younger than age 50.

And for women under 50 years of age, it’s the second cause of death, reported by the American Cancer Society, 2024 report.

Men are at higher risk of developing colon cancer than women, regardless of age. Keep in mind, age and lifestyle habits including smoking can contribute to risk factors.

Colon cancer or colorectal cancer is one of the most preventable cancers. Colon polyps become more prevalent after age 45, according to American College of Gastroenterology Endoscopy (ACGE).

When it comes to colon health, finding the right experts in gastroenterology can help you take charge of your digestive health.

Photo Description-3D illustration, polyp removal. colon cancer prevention. Colonoscopy.

SYMPTOMS AND CAUSES

Colon Cancer Symptoms

Let’s take a look at some common symptoms linked to colon cancer. Do any of these symptoms look familiar? If you experience any of these symptoms, talk to your doctor or gastroenterologist.

A change in bowel habits, such as more frequent diarrhea or constipation
Rectal bleeding or blood in the stool
Ongoing discomfort in the belly area, such as cramps, gas or pain
Anemia
A feeling that the bowel doesn’t empty all the way during a bowel movement
Weakness or tiredness
Losing weight without trying
[Source: ASGE : National Library of Medicine]

Delayed Onset of Symptoms

Sometime colon cancer symptoms can go unnoticed. This may happen during the earlier stages. Keep in mind, some people with colon cancer may not experience symptoms. This is why it’s important to start screenings at the age of 45. Family history of colon cancer may indicate the need for earlier screenings.

Causes of Colon Cancer

Here’s some useful information to know about colon polyps and cancer risk. Colon polyps are known to contribute to colon cancer. Early detection of polyps is your best defense in the fight against colorectal cancer.

What causes colon cancer?

Almost all colon cancers develop from colon polyps. However, most polyps do not develop into cancer.
Certain polyps can develop into cancer. By removing these, colon cancer can be prevented. Polyps do not regrow, but new ones can arise over time. Individuals that are found to have precancerous polyps are at increased risk of developing more of these polyps in the future. Therefore, it is recommended that they have colonoscopies more frequently to remove any of these polyps and thereby prevent colon cancer.

What are colon polyps?

Colon polyps are a group of cells on the lining of the colon.
There are two types of polyps: precancerous (neoplastic) and non-precancerous (non-neoplastic). Precancerous have the potential to grow into cancer while non-precancerous typically do not.
Polyps can be flat, slightly raised (sessile) or mushroom like with a stalk (pedunculated).
Polyps can be removed during a colonoscopy or flexible sigmoidoscopy (polypectomy). They are then given to a pathologist who can look at them under a microscope to determine what type they are.

DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENTS

Colon cancer screenings help gastroenterologists diagnose and treat colon cancer by looking at the digestive tract.

To diagnose colon cancer, your GI doctor needs to examine the rectum and anus as they look for colon polyps. The preferred screening method is often referred to as the Gold Standard method – an endoscopic procedure known as colonoscopy. It detects colon polyps in the intestinal tract so your GI doctor can remove them when found.

According to the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, with early detection of polyps, colon cancer can be prevented.

Provide your doctor with a detailed history of colon or other cancers that run in your family. This helps your GI specialist give you a complete diagnosis and treatment plan, if needed.

Screening Methods that Detect Colon Cancer

Why is it so important to screen for colorectal cancer? Because screening for cancer can help save lives. Consider screenings as part of your overall digestive care routine. Find a gastroenterologist who can assess your colon health because early detection helps protect your digestive health and well-being.

Here are the common screenings that can detect colon cancer.

Colonoscopy Screening
Flexible sigmoidoscopy
CT or virtual colonoscopy
Fecal immunochemical (FIT)
MT-sDNA (Cologuard) [Source: ASGE]

Schedule your colonoscopy screening today with one of our GI doctors.

Prevention Tips to Consider with Colorectal Cancer

Screenings such as colonoscopy can help prevent colon cancer by detecting abnormal cells in their early stages of growth.

Lifestyle changes may contribute to disease prevention, but there are no conclusive studies such as randomized trials that offer solid evidence about lifestyle changes and cancer prevention. More research is still needed.

Still, it’s reasonable that your doctor may encourage you to engage in healthy behaviors related to exercise and diet, which might include consumption of more fruits and vegetables– and less consumption of red meat and alcoholic beverages, according to the National Library of Medicine.

Other prevention strategies to consider—opt for a normal weight range and limit processed food consumption. [Association of Gastroenterology]

What is a Colonoscopy?

Colonoscopy

A colonoscopy is the only test that can detect and prevent colorectal cancer by finding and removing polyps during a single procedure. A colonoscopy can be both a screening test – that finds undiagnosed symptoms, and a diagnostic procedure – that finds and treats the cause of potential symptoms.

If you choose a screening test other than a colonoscopy, like a FIT test (fecal immunochemical test), and the result is positive (abnormal), you will need to have a follow up colonoscopy.

Colonoscopies also have an exceptionally high detection rate which contributes to higher survival rates as this allows patients to catch colorectal cancer in the early stages. Because of these compelling statistics, a colonoscopy is still considered the gold standard for detecting and preventing colorectal cancer.

Find more details about a colonoscopy on our procedures page. Also, learn about GI Genius, an innovative device that uses AI to detect and treat colon polyps.

95%

Detection Rate

95% Detection Rate

Colonoscopy:

A colonoscopy is the best option.
The only test that detects and prevents cancer.
The only test for high-risk patients with family or personal history of polyps or cancer.
Every 10 years unless precancerous polyps or cancer is detected.
Reduces the incidence of cancer by up to 89%.

45 Years

Recommended Screening Age

Get Screened

A one month delay in screening can increase the fatality rate in cancerous patients by 13%!

Detection Rate Chart

Cologuard:

42% Detection Rate

Designed to detect colorectal cancer, not PREVENT it!

If the test is positive, a colonoscopy is still needed to confirm or remove polyps.

Not FDA approved for high-risk patients.

Recommended every 3 years – a higher cost than one colonoscopy test every 10 years.

FIT Test:

30% Detection Rate

Designed to find small amounts of blood in the stool.

If the test is positive, a colonoscopy is necessary.

Not FDA approved for high-risk patients.

Recommended every year if results are negative.

Significant false positive and false negative test results.

Colonoscopy
The Gold Standard

Cologuard

FIT Test

Screens for colon cancer

Most insurance pays for first screening

At-home test

Diagnoses colon cancer

BOTH screens & prevents colon cancer

Test views the entire colon & rectum for abnormalities

Test identifies and removes precancerous polyps

Suggested frequency

Get Screened to Find Colorectal Cancer Early

Early Stage Colorectal Cancer

Approximately

9 out of 10

Survive 5 Years (or longer)

Individuals diagnosed with EARLY STAGE colorectal cancer (CRC) that HAS NOT spread or metastasized beyond the colon or rectum survive 5 years or longer.*

Advanced Stage CRC

Approximately

1 out of 10

Survive 5 Years

Individuals diagnosed with ADVANCED STAGE colorectal cancer (CRC) that HAS spread or metastasized to other organs such as the lungs or liver, survive 5 years.*

Colonoscopy Costs For The Denver Area

General guidelines for colonoscopy costs, please contact your insurance for exact benefits and costs.

Typically Free

Screening or
“Preventative”
Colonoscopy

Typically, insurance covers 100% of the costs. Performed on asymptomatic patients to test for the presence of colorectal polyps or cancer.

Criteria for patients:

45 years of age or older
NO gastrointestinal symptoms: e.g., abdominal pain, diarrhea, rectal bleeding
NO personal history of colon polyps, colon cancer or gastrointestinal disease
NO screening colonoscopy within the last 10 years

Typically NOT Fully Paid

Diagnostic
Colonoscopy

Performed on patients to evaluate
abnormal findings or symptoms.
Patient is responsible for any copay, coinsurance, or deductible.

* If you had colon polyps in the past, your colonscopy is diagnostic.

Criteria for patients:

Had colon polyps in the past
Have a gastrointestinal disease
Have gastrointestinal symptoms: e.g., abdominal pain, diarrhea, rectal bleeding, or abnormal imaging of the colon (CT scan or MRI)

Questions:

If you had colon polyps in the past

If you have gastrointestinal symptoms

If you have personal history of colon cancer or colon polyps

Answer:

Then a

Diagnostic Colonoscopy

Colonoscopy Billing FAQs

Colonoscopy billing:

You will receive three separate bills for your procedure, these bills include: your physician/anesthesia, the facility, and you may also receive a pathology or laboratory bill. Gastroenterology of the Rockies will contact your insurance company about your benefits, however, we also recommend you contact your insurance company directly to verify your specific benefits.

Will I be charged for my colonoscopy?

To answer this question, we need to address the difference between a preventative, or screening colonoscopy, and a diagnostic colonoscopy:

The cost of a preventative, or screening colonoscopy, is generally covered by your insurance under the Affordable Care Act.
The cost of a diagnostic colonoscopy is generally NOT fully covered by your insurance, you may have to pay the deductible and copay.

What is a preventative, or screening colonoscopy? Do I qualify?

A preventative, or screening colonoscopy is performed on an asymptomatic patient to test for the presence of colorectal polyps or cancer. Preventative, or screening colonoscopies are performed on patients who:

Are 45 years of age or older
NO gastrointestinal symptoms (e.g., abdominal pain, diarrhea, rectal bleeding)
NO screening colonoscopy within the last 10 years
NO personal history of colon polyps or gastrointestinal disease

*You may also be charged for some additional colonoscopy services according to the cost sharing provisions in your individual health plan. Contact your insurance company to determine your individual benefits and possible out-of-pocket costs for your colonoscopy.

What is a diagnostic colonoscopy?

A diagnostic colonoscopy is performed on a patient to evaluate abnormal findings or symptoms. Diagnostic colonoscopies are performed on patients who:

Had colon polyps in the past
Have a gastrointestinal disease
Have gastrointestinal symptoms (e.g., abdominal pain, diarrhea, rectal bleeding, or abnormal imaging of colon (i.e., CT scan, MRI).

Contact your insurance!

Contact your insurance to determine your specific benefits and possible out of pocket costs (deductible, coinsurance, facility copay) for the procedure. It is important to inquire about both the physician and facility costs, discuss any symptoms and/or personal history (including prior colonoscopy dates and findings), and family history related to your procedure. Each insurance plan may provide different benefits and handle claims differently. Ask how your specific plan will pay for a screening colonoscopy as well as a colonoscopy with polyp removal. Due to individual variabilities, our staff cannot predict the final cost of your procedure.

You may receive statements from multiple entities for balances after your insurance is processed. There will be charges from the physician, the facility where your procedure is performed, and the anesthesia provider if applicable. If there is a need for biopsy or polypectomy, you will also receive a bill from the pathology provider.

PROCEDURE FAQ’S: FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

We are happy to answer any questions you may have regarding our services or our practice. Please call us at: 303-604-5000

Click on a question below to view the answer:

How long does my MiraLAX bowel prep take to start working?

MiraLAX is a gentle bowel prep so please be prepared to wait 2-6 hours to see results. Please also be aware to drink the bowel prep in increments over a 1–2-hour period.

Why can’t I take all my prep at the same time instead of waking up early the next day?

Timing is very important when it comes to your bowel prep. The timing of the split prep has been proven to be the most effective in a clean bowel and an effective colonoscopy.

What is considered a clear stool?

If your stool has a slight tint of yellow or light brown, it is considered a clear stool. If your stool is not clear by 2 hours prior to your procedure, please call our office.

What should I do if I am not having bowel movements?

It can take up to 2-3 hours before experiencing 1st bowel movements, but for some it can take longer. If you have not started to have bowel movements after the first half of the prep, you can start the second half earlier. If you have completed the second half prep and still have not had bowel movements, the best options are to ingest a 10 oz bottle of magnesium citrate (as long as you do not have kidney issues or heart failure), take 2-3 Dulcolax tablets and use a glycerin or Dulcolax suppository to help initiate bowel movements. Please try these recommendations first, and then call our office if you are not seeing results.

What should I do if the prep is causing me to experience nausea?

You can take a short break from drinking laxatives. Try drinking ginger ale or another clear liquid to help settle your stomach. Take a full 2 hours to drink the prep in smaller doses every 5-10 minutes while lying down in between doses. If your nausea worsens, please call our office.

What should I do if I am vomiting the prep?

Please call our office

Is it normal to have a headache after starting the prep?

Once you start the liquid diet it is normal to experience minor headaches. Continue to stay hydrated with clear liquids. If your headache worsens greatly, please call our office.

What do I do if there is blood in my stool?

Please call our office.

What do I do if I am a diabetic and starting to feel dizzy after starting my prep?

Please call our office.

If I weigh under 100 pounds, can I do a limited prep?

Weight does not change the amount of liquids and bowel prep that need to be consumed to have a successful procedure.

I seem to be all cleaned out but I haven’t finished my prep, do I have to finish the whole prep?

Yes. You must follow the prep instructions given to you. Your colon is around 5 feet long and must be completely emptied to ensure an accurate and thorough exam.

Should I continue my clear liquid diet after starting the laxative prep?

Yes! We want you to consume a total of 64 ounces of clear liquids in addition to your laxative prep. A reminder to not have anything by mouth 2 hours prior to your procedure, including: gum, mints, water, etc.

Can I drink alcohol as a part of my liquid diet?

Please do not drink any alcohol while doing your prep, this dehydrates you and is not recommended before sedation.

I ate popcorn and seeds 3 days prior to my procedure, will I need to reschedule my appointment?

Seeds and nuts can cause difficulty with a screening and may require a rescreening, if you have eaten several servings, please call our office to consult if a reschedule is needed.

If I ate breakfast, do I need to reschedule my procedure?

If you ate breakfast the day before your procedure, probably not. Please be prepared to drink extra clear liquids and proceed with the prep as instructed. If you ate breakfast the day of your procedure, please call our office to reschedule.

I am currently menstruating; will I need to reschedule my colonoscopy?

No, in fact menstrual bleeding does not interfere with your exam or your bowel prep.

Can I take Tylenol (acetaminophen)?

Yes! Until two hours prior to the procedure, you should take all medication as prescribed, except diabetic medication (as per prep instructions) and blood thinners as instructed by your doctor.

What kind of anesthesia is used?

We use two different types of anesthesia. The type we use will be determined based on your medical screening for safety. We use conscious sedation and non-conscious sedation.

Conscious sedation is a “twilight” sleep where people are carefully monitored and can be aroused from sleep during the procedure, but generally lose moments of time and have a hard time remembering details. This is the most common form of sedation.

During non-conscious sedation, we use stronger medicines, and this will depend on an individual’s history or medication use. We typically use propofol.

Who is monitoring my intake levels of anesthesia?

During conscious sedation, our Registered Nurses (RNs) monitor patients. RNs are supervised by our doctors.

During non-conscious sedation, patients are monitored by Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists (CRNAs), also supervised by our doctors.

How long does my procedure take?

Please be prepared to be in our offices for up to 2 hours. This is an estimate based on from when you enter our clinic to when you leave. Your procedure itself only takes about 20-40 minutes.

Will I need anesthesia for my hemorrhoid banding treatment?

No sedation needed. Hemorrhoid banding is only performed in clinic and not performed during colonoscopy. And the good news is hemorrhoid banding treatments are fast — and many patients report very little pain — if any.

Will the bowel prep irritate my skin or my hemorrhoids?

In most cases it will not, but sometimes with diarrhea the skin and hemorrhoidal tissue can become inflamed. If this is the case you can try moist wipes instead of toilet paper, petroleum jelly, or over the counter medication such as Preparation H.

What standard tests are included with an Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)?

There is no specific test that is standard with an EGD. Our doctors will visually inspect the area from your esophagus to your stomach, and down to your duodenum. If necessary, the doctor will take a sample and send it to a pathologist who determines if further testing is required.

What standard tests are included with a colonoscopy?

There is no specific test that is standard with a colonoscopy. Our doctors will visually inspect for damaged tissue and polyps, depending on the reason for the procedure. During a colonoscopy screening, if a polyp is found our doctors will take a sample and send it to a pathologist for further testing.

What is GI Genius?

GI Genius is a new artificial intelligence technology used to detect colorectal polyps. This technology has a 99.7% accuracy rate!

Why do I need a colonoscopy when I could do a stool test like Cologuard or a FIT test?

Cologuard only has a 42% advanced adenoma (polyp) detection rate while FIT only has a 30% detection rate. Cologuard can miss 1 in 13 colon cancers and FIT misses 1 in 5 colon cancers! A colonoscopy has a >95% detection rate. Colonoscopy is the only test that can treat polyps and prevents colon cancer. That is why it is considered the Gold Standard of care.

Curious about colonoscopy billing? See our Billing FAQs for colonoscopies

The Gold Standard in Colon Cancer Prevention: Colonoscopy

At Gastroenterology of the Rockies, we are committed to providing our patients with the highest quality care for their digestive health. One of the most important tools in our arsenal is the colonoscopy, which is the gold standard for detecting and preventing colorectal cancer.

Colonoscopy Procedure

During a colonoscopy, one of our highly trained and experienced gastroenterologists will use a flexible, lighted tube called a colonoscope to examine the lining of your colon. The procedure typically takes 30 to 60 minutes, and you will be given sedation to help you relax and be more comfortable during the procedure.

How to Prepare for a Colonoscopy

To ensure the best possible results from your colonoscopy, it’s important to follow the preparation instructions we provide carefully. This usually involves a clear liquid diet the day before the procedure and taking a laxative to empty your bowels.

Our team will provide you with detailed instructions on how to prepare for your colonoscopy, and we are always available to answer any questions you may have.

Possible Side Effects and Complications

While a colonoscopy is a safe and effective procedure, there are some possible side effects and complications to be aware of. These can include temporary discomfort, bleeding, and perforation of the colon. However, our team of experts takes every precaution to minimize these risks and ensure a successful and safe procedure.

When to Get a Colonoscopy

Colonoscopy is recommended for individuals who are 45 years or older, as well as for those with a family history of colon cancer or other risk factors. However, your gastroenterologist may recommend earlier or more frequent screenings depending on your individual risk factors and medical history.

At Gastroenterology of the Rockies, we are committed to helping you maintain your digestive health through the latest technology, state-of-the-art facilities, and the highest quality care.

Why Choose Gastroenterology of the Rockies for Your Colonoscopy

When it comes to your digestive health, you deserve the best possible care. That’s why so many people in the Denver area choose Gastroenterology of the Rockies for their colonoscopy.

Here are some reasons why we are top-of-mind for many patients in Denver:

1- Expertise and Experience

Our team of gastroenterologists is composed of some of the most skilled and experienced specialists in the Denver region. We have performed several successful colonoscopies and have the expertise to detect and prevent even the most challenging cases of colorectal cancer.

2- State-of-the-Art Facilities

At Gastroenterology of the Rockies, we believe that providing our patients with the highest quality care means investing in the latest technology and facilities. Our endoscopy centers are equipped with the most advanced equipment available, ensuring that you receive the most accurate and efficient care possible.

3- Personalized Care

At Gastroenterology of the Rockies, we understand that every patient is unique. That’s why we take a personalized approach to your care, taking the time to understand your individual needs and concerns. Our team will work with you to develop a personalized plan that addresses your specific health goals.

4-We Take Our Patients’ Comfort Seriously

We know that the idea of a colonoscopy can be intimidating for some patients. That’s why we go above and beyond to ensure your comfort during the procedure. From sedation options to personalized care from our team, we are dedicated to making your experience as comfortable and stress-free as possible.

5- We Have a Strong Commitment to Excellence

At Gastroenterology of the Rockies, we are committed to excellence in every aspect of our practice. From the quality of our facilities to the expertise of our team, we are dedicated to providing you with the highest level of care possible. With us, you can be confident that your health is in good hands.

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